Everything about The General Land Office totally explained
The
General Land Office (GLO), a former agency of the United States government, was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the
United States Department of the Treasury relating to the
public domain lands. It oversaw the
surveying,
platting and sale of the public lands in the Western United States and administered the
Homestead Act and the
Preemption Act in disposal of public lands. The frantic pace of Public Land sales in the 19th century west led to the expression "Land Office business" meaning a thriving, or high volume trade.
The GLO was placed under the
Secretary of the Interior when that department was formed in 1849.
Reacting to public concerns about forest conservation, Congress in 1891 authorized the president to withdraw timber lands from disposal. President Cleveland then created seventeen forest reserves of nearly, which were initially managed by the General Land Office. In 1905, Congress transferred responsibility for these reserves to the newly created
Forest Service within the
Department of Agriculture.
From 1900, it focused on conservation. Entering the twentieth century the GLO shifted from a primary function of land sales to issuing leases and collecting fees and royalties from minerals off lands recently withdrawn from disposal under the Withdrawal Act of 1910, and other custodial duties.
On
July 16,
1946, the GLO was merged with the Taylor
Grazing Service, established in 1934, to become the
Bureau of Land Management, an agency of the Interior Department responsible for administering the remaining of Pulic Lands still in federal ownership.
An early commissioner was
John McLean, later associate justice of the
United States Supreme Court.
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